What is a dewar tank?

A dewar tank, also known as a Dewar flask or simply a Dewar, is a specialized container used for storing and transporting cryogenic liquids, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, or liquid helium. It is designed to keep these substances at extremely low temperatures, close to or at their boiling points, which can be as low as -196 degrees Celsius (-321 degrees Fahrenheit) for liquid nitrogen.

Why is it called a dewar?

The Dewar tank is named after its inventor, Sir James Dewar, a Scottish physicist and chemist who developed the container in the late 19th century. The primary purpose of a Dewar tank is to provide excellent thermal insulation to prevent the cryogenic liquid inside from rapidly evaporating.

Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Dewars Structure

The construction of a Dewar tank usually consists of two main parts:

Inner Vessel: This is a double-walled container with an inner and outer chamber. The inner chamber holds the cryogenic liquid, while the space between the inner and outer walls is usually evacuated or filled with a vacuum to minimize heat transfer through conduction and convection.

Outer Jacket: The outer jacket surrounds the inner vessel and acts as an additional layer of insulation. It is typically made of metal and helps to further reduce heat transfer from the surrounding environment.

Dewar tanks are commonly used in scientific research, industrial applications, and medical facilities for a variety of purposes, such as preserving biological samples, freezing and storing cells, and providing a continuous supply of cryogenic substances for experiments and medical treatments.

Due to their efficiency in maintaining extremely low temperatures, Dewar tanks play a crucial role in various fields that require the storage and handling of cryogenic materials.

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